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and M.J.W. identified samples to species level.
Alternatively, CTC identified by CellSearch may not be true CTC.
Among the total CTCs identified in all follow-up samples, 88% were dormant, 6.8% were proliferative and 5.2% apoptotic (Additional file 1 ).
We hypothesized that CTCs identified before resection of the primary tumor would predict worse outcomes in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients.
However, most CTCs identified in the whole group were dormant, whereas among the nondormant population, apoptotic CTCs prevailed.
Thus baseline CTCs identify a group of high-risk patients.
In addition, sequential follow-up samples were evaluated in 16 out of 40 CTC DC identified as CTC-positive; eight of them had experienced late disease relapse and eight had remained disease-free during the whole follow-up period.
Interestingly, although ALDH1-expressing CTCs were identified in almost all CTC-positive patients, the pattern of ALDH1 expression differed among CTCs in both clinical settings.
Sequencing of CTC DNA identified characteristic HCC mutations.
HER2-positive CTCs were identified in 55.6 % of early and 65.2 % of metastatic CTC-positive breast cancer patients.
Overlayed iFISH image indicated that instead of two CTCs respectively identified by immunostaining or FISH alone, all of 3 non-hematopoietic cells were CTCs.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com