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Finally, the profitability of CSR investments in French firms seems to rely on a specific qualitative mix of different CSR dimensions rather than a pure quantitative approach accumulating practices without designing a consistent set of interactions among them.
Woo and Jin's (2016) study which employed a US and South Korean students as sample, found a positive relationship between apparel companies CSR dimensions of product responsibility, economic and environmental issues and its brand equity.
The Access to Medicines Index provides a much stronger focus on public health, but as others have argued, has weaknesses including 30% of indicators being "inadequately specified," and some key CSR dimensions (such as availability, access and affordability of essential medicines) either being omitted or inadequately weighted [ 23].
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Another interesting finding is that all four regions gave the highest priority to one CSR dimension, i.e. community involvement and development.
This database, containing information on various dimensions of CSR about US companies, has been used in various research papers to measure CSR (e.g., Kim et al. 2012; Turban and Greening 1997).
What follows is a quick look at the differences between WSR and CSR along several key dimensions of social responsibility.
European contractors showed the highest levels of CSR communication in both dimension- and issue-levels, while Chinese contractors ranked the lowest in CSR communication.
By contrast, we observed that the same relationship exists for Korean firm between EDS Environmental Disclosure Scoree, proxy for CSR effort in Environmental dimension) and FP, but not between GDS and FP.
For reference, Nollet et al (2016) found both a linearly negative and non-linearly U curve relationship only between GDS (Governance Disclosure Score, proxy for CSR effort in Governance dimension) and FP in US corporations.
When estimating models with both firm and CEO fixed effects we find that CEO fixed effects explain 52%-74 52%-74e variation in their firms' CSR scores across all social dimensions (Community, Diversity, Employee Relations, Environment and Product Safety).
They have CSR officers, CSR consultants, CSR departments, and CSR initiatives coming out of their ears.
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