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When an electric field is applied to the semiconductor, both the free electrons (now residing in the conduction band) and the holes (left behind in the valence band) move through the crystal, producing an electric current.
The oldest and most precise method of X-ray crystallography is single-crystal X-ray diffraction, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a single crystal, producing scattered beams.
In comparison to the previous screening experiments, the crystal producing conditions varied considerably, both in the nanosphere screen and the control screen i.e. only three of the crystal producing droplets gave exactly the same result as two months before.
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When a voltage was applied at room temperature to the crystal produced by Dr. Homewood's group, charges were prevented from moving by these rings, which are called dislocation loops.
Then, MTT solution was removed, and 100 μL of DMSO was added to dissolve the blue formazan crystal produced by proliferating cells.
Mechanical and electrical stress applied to the crystal, when incorporated into an electrical circuit, produces an electric potential, and when applied to the crystal produces mechanical deformation on the crystal [16, 19].
Either a Si l l l orr Si(220) monochromator crystal was used, depending on which crystal produced the higher quality spectra for a given element, and detuned 50 70% of maximum intensity to minimize higher-order harmonic reflections.
Our results show that this could not happen in the protein in frozen solution at temperatures of 100 K. Also cryoreduction of Mb Cpd II in solution and in a crystal produced different primary products.
Bti toxicity is mainly conferred by three Cry toxins (Cry4A, Cry4B and Cry11A) and one Cyt toxin (Cyt1A), which aggregate in a proteic crystal produced during sporulation of the bacteria [ 15].
This latter species was identified as the trimeric primary magnesium phosphide, compound 10, through a further X-ray analysis performed on single crystals produced by fractional crystallization of the reaction mixture.
The process is implemented to produce lactose crystals with significantly narrower crystal size distribution (CSD) as compared with crystals produced in a stirred bulk crystallizer.
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