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In this crystal field theory, each ligand was represented by a negative point charge.
The ligand field theory goes beyond the crystal field theory, however.
Crystal field theory is an artificial parameterization of the bonding in complexes, for it models the actual bonding in terms of an array of point charges.
The effect of the crystal field, particularly if it has little symmetry, is to reduce the magnetism caused by orbital motion.
Introduction of these modifications into the quantum-mechanical formulation of the crystal field theory improves the agreement of its quantitative predictions with experimental observations.
The energy separation between these two sets of orbitals, the ligand-field splitting energy (LFSE) is the ligand field version of the CFSE in crystal field theory, and from this point on the construction of the lowest-energy electron configuration is much the same as in crystal field theory.
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The assignment to crystal field-level splitting is rather implausible, because the width of the bands should not broaden, as in the present case.
The difference in energy between the two sets is denoted Δ and is called the crystal-field splitting energy (CFSE).
4F9/2 → 6H13/2 is hypersensitive transition and strongly depend on crystal-field environment.
The crystal-field splitting energy Δcf decreases from positive to negative at a certain tensile strain.
The crystal-field parameters are obtained from the superposition model and the crystal structure data.
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