The teeth are, in fact, of comparable hardness because their surfaces aren't pure mineral but instead are made of mineral crystals bound together with proteins so that the material doesn't shatter under a sudden impact.
Some of the receptor conformers used here were actually extracted from co-crystals bound to known binders in the set (see also Table S3 in the Supporting Information).
The number of apatite crystals bound to each molecule of BSF or HSA was calculated for the experiment described in Fig. 6, under conditions that produced maximal precipitation of seeded nanoparticles following one month of incubation.
We estimated the number of apatite crystals bound to each protein molecule for these conditions by dividing the number of phosphate ions by the number of protein molecules present in the well.
The estimated number of apatite crystals (1.53×1016) was then divided by the number of BSF molecules present in the well at a concentration of 21 µg/ml (2.64×1014 molecules of BSF) in order to obtain the number of apatite crystals bound to each molecule of BSF (58 apatite units/BSF molecule).
The number of apatite crystals bound to each protein molecule was estimated by dividing the number of phosphate ions present in the well producing maximal precipitation by the number of protein molecules present in the same well as described in the Materials and Methods.
Subsequently, a problem with the MTT assay was identified as the MTT-formazan crystals bind to the CNTs, accounting for the false positive results by this assay [18].
The 10 first nucleotides of the 5′ vRNA, soaked into the crystal, binds as a stem-loop to the polymerase in a similar configuration and location to the ten nucleotide 5′ hook of influenza vRNA promoter (Pflug et al., 2014).
This fitting suggested that the species-specific residues may form a protein protein interface between the Crm1 monomers, and indeed, we discovered that this same interface formed a crystal contact between human Crm1 monomers in the crystal structure bound to Snurportin1 (Dong et al., 2009).
Thus, it was formerly thought that in the iron group and the lanthanoid group ions of the crystal were bound together solely by their electrostatic attraction, the magnetic electrons being completely localized on the transition ion.
The results using the crystal structure bound with a micomolar diaryl urea type of inhibitor are similar, and high-ranking fragment hits mimic binding interactions seen for the picomolar inhibitor (Figure 5D).
