Now, molecular evolutionary studies, including those investigating cryptic variance, produce evidence that precisely mirror Darwin's observation at the molecular level: loci of substitutions between related species (recent evolution) are associated with SNPs (present variance) [ 166- 168, 170- 172] and with regions of adaptive evolution [ 182].
Second, we aim to assess radiation pattern and evidence of cryptic speciation in Irciniidae.
Indeed, extensive work by Rendel provides rigorous evidence for cryptic genetic variation and buffering of SC variation at even numbers of bristles by successive developmental thresholds [26].
While the concept of a species is currently in flux, there is evidence of cryptic speciation of haemosporidian blood parasites from genetic sequencing [34] [36].
Overall, we find no evidence of cryptic species in T. marchalianum; this finding is supported by published phylogenies based on 18S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA [54], [81].
Recent studies (e.g., [21], [33], [34]) show accumulating evidence of cryptic species among nemerteans, and the shortcomings of morphology when it comes to the systematics and taxonomy of this group.
Furthermore, large population sizes (inferred from sampling success), lack of population differentiation over time or among sites, and evidence that cryptic species were not sampled in this study make related explanations for linkage disequilibrium in T. marchalianum unlikely.
Those individuals who showed evidence of cryptic relatedness were removed before PC analysis was conducted.
These distinct MOTUs within a single nominal species are possible evidence of cryptic speciation.
(iii) Is there evidence of cryptic species based on relative genetic relationships of collections?
