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Such polyphenisms should be most common in species which can rear on a wide range of hosts- there would be little advantage to being immediately cryptic in new environments if the species would not normally encounter new environments.
Extreme changes in nutrition may reveal once cryptic genotype-by-environment interactions ['hidden reaction norms', (Ghalambor et al. 2007)].
Thus, physiological canalization of metabolic phenotypes breaks down in a novel environment exposing cryptic variation.
At the core of this controversy are two fundamental questions: 1) Does exposure to a novel environment reveal cryptic genetic variation in a population through phenotypic plasticity?
However, the breakdown of physiological homeostasis in a novel environment exposes cryptic variation for disease thus helping to explain how maladaptive traits such as those of MetS can occur at a high frequency in otherwise well-adapted populations (Gibson and Reed 2008; Gibson 2009; Reed et al. 2010, 2014).
This is particularly true where species are cryptic and coexist in environments where observing feeding behaviour directly is difficult.
Dormancy is a bet on a bad season; evolutionary capacitor switching is a bet on finding adaptive cryptic variants in a new environment.
The chance and rate of trapping infected Aedes mosquitoes is influenced by factors that include the extent and duration of transmission (reflected by number of dengue cases), location of the Gravitraps, time of deployment, competition from cryptic oviposition sites in the environment, and success of community participation in source reduction.
Although CO1 supports more than one operational unit within A. goodmani the hypothesis of cryptic species in relatively isolated environments requires further evidence with less ambiguity.
Co-evolution experiments involving pathogen lineages with hosts in changing environments might reveal cryptic or alternative sexual cycles and further elucidate their contribution to adaptation.
Controlled laboratory experiments have routinely shown that exposure to novel environments can reveal cryptic genetic variation in populations that sets the stage for evolutionary processes to operate (Schlichting 2008).
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