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In general, prey in the wild will respond behaviourally to risk of predation by, for example, increasing their cryptic behaviour or reducing foraging effort (Sih 1987; Lima and Dill 1990).
For example, cryptic coloration often goes hand in hand with cryptic behaviour; nonreflective colours occur on the faces of birds that forage in bright sunlight; and abrasion-resistant coloration occurs more often among species that inhabit abrasive habitats than among species that inhabit nonabrasive habitats.
Their cryptic behaviour and low population densities mean studying them has been difficult – in fact, most of what we do know about giant armadillos is anecdotal.
Their apparent rarity and cryptic behaviour makes them extremely difficult to study, and as a consequence most populations are not currently receiving targeted conservation attention".
Most methods of crypsis therefore also require suitable cryptic behaviour, such as lying down and keeping still to avoid being detected, or in the case of stalking predators such as the tiger, moving with extreme stealth, both slowly and quietly, watching its prey for any sign they are aware of its presence.
The increase in known localities is probably related to previous lack of sampling and cryptic behaviour of crocodiles.
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Squid are soft-bodied and vulnerable, so employing cryptic behaviours as a primary defence is imperative to their survival (Semmens et al., 1995; Hanlon and Messenger, 1996).
Spending less time deploying cryptic behaviours at elevated CO2 may potentially place pygmy squid at greater risk of being detected by a predator.
Cephalopod defence can be categorized into primary defence (avoidance by using cryptic behaviours or camouflage), secondary defence (used to threaten, startle or bluff the predator) and escape responses (Hanlon and Messenger, 1996; Mather et al., 2014).
The cryptic female behaviour and the accordingly much lower encounter rate only yielded presence data for females.
For the most part, Iguania is composed of foraging lizards that use cryptic coloration, morphology, and behaviour to escape detection by predators.
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