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This paper presents the CRUNCH model of brain function and ageing, and suggests a mechanism to explain both under and over-recruitment of brain activity in older adults.
Together, these findings confirm the assumptions of the CRUNCH model and suggest a flexible and effective recruitment of additional resources in younger high-performing individuals to meet the demands of higher task load [ 34].
On the other hand, a decrease in brain activation might reflect exhaustion of neural resources accompanied by a decline in clinical performance as suggested by the CRUNCH model [ 37].
Schneider-Garces et al. [ 36] further assessed the impact of aging on WM by examining whether the patterns of bilateral overactivation in nonimpaired older adults predicted by the CRUNCH model would disappear when task demand was comparable across age groups.
In sum, the neuroimaging data hint at bilateral overactivation as a mechanism for compensation in old age as explained by the CRUNCH model, although older adults still performed poorly compared to younger adults.
Younger adults showed mainly left hemispheric activation with some bilateral activation of frontal and parietal regions at high loads, suggesting that increasing task demand typically leads to recruitment of contralateral brain regions as posited by Reuter-Lorenz and Cappell [ 33] and the CRUNCH model.
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