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For some, bond spreads are a crude gauge of the risk that the euro will break up.
It is obviously only a crude gauge, but it reflects the economic factors that have caused trouble in the past.
Short-term interest rates are also unusually low relative to nominal GDP growth (a crude gauge of where rates should be), which implies that monetary policy is very loose (see chart 3).
While some are skeptical – McKenzie argues that the number of tweets is a crude gauge, while Carroll Doherty of the Pew Research Centre warns that only 13% of Americans are using Twitter – everyone agrees that the main impact of Twitter has been to speed up the news cycle.
Likewise, the BI is a crude gauge of function and does not score instrumental ADLs.
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A manager can gauge the firm's output, but not the effort people put in, beyond crude gauges such as the time they spend on the job.
The antioxidant potential of the crude extracts was gauged by monitoring its capacity to quench the stable 2, 2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical [ 5, 9].
In any case, the consultancy cautioned that total debt was a "crude metric", insufficient to gauge where the real trouble spots are, which in Britain are in borrowing incurred by households and in commercial property.Even if lamentations about the British economy are overdone, there is no miraculous way out of the mess.
By contrast, Mr. Abraham trades only listed futures contracts for products like cattle, corn and crude oil, allowing investors to gauge his performance more easily.
But gauging from these crude analyses, the empirical relevance of concerns from omitting family-background and health measures may be limited.
Clinical researchers are now counting these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) every few weeks in patients with several types of metastatic cancer, a crude but potentially useful measure for gauging whether a treatment is working.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com