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The more hydrocarbons in the crude, i.e., the heavier, the lower is the polarity.
The catalytic hydrotreating of a heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) derived from Maya crude (i.e. 2.21 wt.% S, 0.184 wt.% N2) was performed on both, supported and unsupported Mo nitrides and W nitrides, which promoted the HDN reaction preferentially, up to 26.6% on Mo2N/Al2O3 and up to 22.3% on W2N/Al2O3, against 3.26% on the reference catalyst, i.e. CoMo/Al2O3 at 350°C and 80 kg/cm2.
There were significant racial differences in the crude (i.e., unadjusted) demographic variables.
In contrast, the previous analysis examined crude (i.e., not exposure-adjusted) incidence rates and excluded data after initiation of glycemic rescue therapy.
Since gender was clearly balanced between the exposure groups, stratification by gender was not expected to result in a difference between the crude (i.e., unadjusted) RR and gender-adjusted RR.
However, ETS exposure had no impact on the risk of either SGA or LBW at term alone and the reviewers noted that empirical studies were conducted in widely varied settings and often small and of poor quality, reporting only crude (i.e. non-adjusted) birth outcomes.
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Hitherto, with the rising price of crude oil, declining reserves of medium and light crude oil and the abundance of unconventional crude oil (i.e. heavy oil and bitumen/tar sands), their exploitation is therefore favoured.
The IFT correlations for two samples of crude oil (i.e., dead and live oil) with CO2 at temperatures of 313.15 and 323.15 K and different pressures are presented in Table 3.
The amount of diluents required for heavy crude oil, i.e. the ratio of diluents in the blended mixture, ranges from 0 to 20 %, while for bitumen it is in the range of 25 50 %.
Hexa-triethanolamine mono-oleate was most efficient for crude oil (I), and hexa-triethanolamine tri−oleate was most efficient for crude oil (II).
"Crude oil, I think, will stay around $30 a barrel for the remainder of the year," said John Cook, senior oil economist at the Energy Information Administration.
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