Among these are young ages for the origin of crown Ruminantia (39.3 28.8 Ma), and crown Bovidae (17.3 15.1 Ma).
The short fuse of 37 My between the origin of crown neopterygians and the origin of crown teleosts also suggests a relatively brief window of time for the occurrence of the FSGD.
The origins of expressed sequences were classified in six categories: root, crown, shoot, leaf, whole plant if the origin is unknown, and spike for whole organs and tissues within the spike at different developmental stages from flowering to maturation.
Instability in afrotherian interordinal phylogeny presumably reflects rapid divergences during two pulses of cladogenesis – the first in the Late Cretaceous, at and just after the origin of crown Afrotheria, and the second in the early Cenozoic, with the origin of crown Paenungulata.
LACE up your boots, shoulder a pack, and head out on the North Country Trail this month from its origin in Crown Point, N.Y., and you could journey westward straight through the summer, past autumn's falling leaves, and hike miles nonstop every day until snow blocks the path.
A young (17 15 Ma) age of origin of crown Bovidae is therefore a reasonable hypothesis.
The multicalibrated tree gives a root age (origin of crown Ruminantia) at 39.3 28.8 Ma 955% range, median 33.7 Ma).
Although a Cryogenian origin of crown Metazoa agrees with current geological interpretations, the divergence dates of the bilaterians remain controversial.
A middle to late Miocene origin of crown Cervidae fits the fossil record, in which Miocene species of Euprox, which may lie close to the origin of the crown node, are dated to c.14 11 Ma or later [ 21, 24].
Fabre et al. [ 27] estimated the origin of crown galagids at ~25 Ma, while Springer et al. [ 28] placed it at ~23 Ma.
