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Even without a perfect polymer model, polymer phenomenology still applies, and the experimental determination of n and β for a given probe/polymer system allows microviscosity to be predicted for any crowding level in the crowded regime.
The only exception is data from probe diffusing in 10-kDa dextran (Dex 10) in which the crowder size effects outweigh the crowding level effects, and an increased crowding level is required to obtain the same reduction in translational mobility.
In doing that, we endogenise the crowding level as the result of the equilibrium between demand and supplied bus capacity.
According to some orthodontic surgeons, the teeth are capable of aggravating the average crowding level in the dental arch.
We use stated-preference (SP) data and present crowding as a mode-neutral crowding level among the standing travelers depicted in images presented to the respondents.
The study shows the influence of headway time and train ride time associated with a particular crowding level (expressed in density of standing passengers/m2) in choosing the sub-urban train mode by calculating their willingness-to-pay (WTP) values and highlights the importance of WTP for addressing policy issues in the reduction of in-vehicle crowding level.
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Birds were housed at three crowding levels: least crowded (0.1 m2 per bird), moderately crowded (0.067 m2 per bird) and highly crowded (0.05 m2 per bird).
The per cent male biased litters declined with increasing crowding in NFD group (from 50% in crowding 4 to 0% in crowding 16), whereas this parameter was almost similar in HFD group at all crowding levels.
These crowding levels corresponded to group sizes of 45, 67 and 90 birds, respectively.
Crowding levels at major cities across the UK rose by 0.4% in the morning peak.
Adjustments of crowding levels during collagen assembly tune the gel pore size, protein permeability, transparency and resistance to enzymatic degradation.
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