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The key issues such as methanol crossover, water management, and fuel supply in the fuel cell have been discussed and some important results are presented.
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Ms. Twain, who already tested the crossover waters in 1999, when she released a pop version of her 1997 country album, "Come On Over," insisted that the second disc be a surprise to listeners.
A number of issues need to be resolved before DMFC can be commercially viable such as the methanol crossover and water crossover which must be minimised in portable DMFCs.
Laminar flow fuel cells (LFFCs) overcome some key issues – most notably fuel crossover and water management – that typically hamper conventional polymer electrolyte-based fuel cells.
Furthermore, in nanoporous silica, a dynamic crossover of liquid water occurs when a fraction of solid water forms near 225 K and, hence, the liquid dynamics changes from bulk-like to interface-dominated.
We further show that a lower water crossover can lead to a lower methanol crossover via dilution of methanol in the anode catalyst layer.
It is also found that changing the PTFE loading in the MPL has little effect on water crossover, whereas increasing the carbon loading in the MPL could noticeably decrease the water-crossover flux.
To account for the observed water crossover behavior, water back flow caused by the hydraulic pressure difference between the cathode and anode was considered.
The model also accounts for the effects of both methanol and water crossover through the membrane.
It is found that wettability of the anode microporous layer (MPL) has a dramatic effect on water crossover or the water transport coefficient through the membrane.
Water crossover through the membrane is generally due to electro-osmotic drag, diffusion and back convection.
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