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Moreover, crossing tolerance reaction norms imply genotype-by-environment interaction that creates genotype re-ranking in host performance.
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This analgesic effect can be blocked by naloxone and shows cross tolerance to morphine [ 44].
But in lack of appropriate "danger signals" and thus costimulation [ 32], this should again result in the induction of peripheral "cross tolerance" [ 33].
This observation suggests the different stress-signaling pathways are also cross-talking with each other, which can lead plants to cross-tolerance.
It has been reported that most beta-lactam tolerant strains of S.aureus show cross tolerance to vancomycin and teicoplanin [ 23].
Although potent analgesic effects were observed for 4 and 22, upon chronic administration, both manifested a tolerance profile similar to that of morphine and cross tolerance with morphine in a neuropathic pain model in rat.
Not all paradigms that produce antinociceptive tolerance produce cross tolerance to multiple opioid drugs [28] [31].
This benefit of cross tolerance reduces the potential for negative outcomes.
This is done in order to negate an "incomplete cross tolerance" among opioids.
However, cross tolerance has also been described, in which exposure to one ligand inhibits downstream signalling from multiple receptors without affecting their expression 36, 40.
Yeast deletants encoding the vacuolar H+ ATPase (vma mutants) were often associated with cross tolerance towards several stress conditions but not necessarily fermentative growth.
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