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The soil system was constructed by the loam and sand, and different groundwater levels and crossing flow rates were also considered.
Sensitivity analysis indicated that variant V.2 showed the overall highest TE and TS across the entire range of traffic flow demand and pedestrian crossing flow demand at approaches.
As the crossing velocity increased, the horizontal pollution range remarkably increased and the vertical pollution range decreased, and the saturated soil layer was more obviously influenced by the crossing flow.
The studies conducted for different flow situations are as follows: Daamen [3] conducted various experiments consisting of unidirectional, bidirectional and crossing flow situations at Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
The first difference between vehicles and pedestrians gives rise to various kinds of flow relations: all pedestrians of some proximity can move into almost the same direction, two groups might meet in a counterflow or crossing flow situation.
During this period, streams TC-3 and TC-4 above the trail crossing showed perennial flow with varying durations of baseflow or floodflow, while at TC-1 below the trail crossing flow was intermittent with a dry channel for >70% of this period.
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There are limited studies available in investigating the crossing flows.
White blood cells (marked by crosses) flow through capillaries at the base of the fingernail.
All movement of material is simplified, with no cross flow, backtracking, or repetitious procedure.
Cross flow permeation experiments were applied for performance tests.
Horizontal cross flow has an effect of reducing such instabilities.
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