To explore the importance of host genetic background in modulating the performance of symbiosis, Lolium multiflorum plants, infected and noninfected with Neotyphodium occultans, were crossed with genetically distant plants of isolines (susceptible and resistant to diclofop-methyl herbicide) bred from two cultivars and exposed to stress.
A 2003 study from the Ohio State University, in which wild sunflowers were experimentally cross-pollinated with genetically modified Bt sunflowers, suggests that modified genes in cultivated crops may drift into closely related populations and increase the hardiness of these plants, including potential weed species.
Traditional food varieties also can be contaminated by cross pollination with genetically modified crops, changing their taste and character.
One-step, real-time PCR assays for rhinovirus have been developed for a limited number of PCR amplification platforms and chemistries, and some exhibit cross-reactivity with genetically similar enteroviruses.
The same day the USDA released its draft environmental assessment of the Ventria rice project, it also revealed that a separate type of rice had been cross-contaminated with genetically engineered LL62 rice, which has not been released for marketing.
Systemic insulin, glucose, and pyruvate tolerance tests were performed in IL-6 knockout (IL6KO) mice that had been crossed with a genetically obese (leptin receptor deficient mouse model [Lepdb]) mouse model.
This strain is frequently crossed with other genetically altered mice (e.g. with altered anti-apoptotic factors, Bcl-xl, Mcl-1) to investigate the effects of different genes in vivo (Campbell et al, 2010; Kelly et al, 2011) and to test the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents (Ferrao et al, 2012; Wall et al, 2013).
Biochemical evidence to support this notion was derived from ex vivo cross-correction of cells from patients with genetically distinct mucopolysaccharide storage diseases in which intracellular storage was reduced by cross-correcting soluble factors (enzymes) [4].
We took advantage of the available transgenic line, originally generated in a npr1-3 background, that overexpress the NPR1 protein as a fusion to the rat glucocorticoid receptor HBD (NPR1-HBD) to genetically perform crosses with ocp3-1 plands and generated a homozygous ocp3-1 npr1-3(NPR1-HBD) line.
The reliability of variants called with the workflow is verified by comparison with genetically mappable variants from an independent sorghum experimental cross.
