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Design recommendation for the cross-section strength has been put forward based on the test results and previous research.
The block shear strength and net cross-section strength are also discussed and modifications to the EN 1993 design rules are given.
The method is implemented through (i) dividing tapered members into prismatic segments along their lengths, (ii) reducing the flexural stiffness of each segment by means of the developed stiffness reduction functions considering the first-order forces and cross-section properties of each segment, (iii) performing Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis and (iv) making cross-section strength checks.
Since the presented approach uses stiffness reduction functions that fully take into account the deleterious influence of imperfections and the spread of plasticity on the structural response and member strengths, it obviates the need of using member design equations, and only requires cross-section strength checks.
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The test results reported the failure mode and shear resistances of structures, studied the influences of thickness of the steel skin shell, curvature, spacing of the connectors, depth of the cross section, strength of core materials, and boundary conditions on the ultimate strength behavior of the curved SCS sandwich beam.
A theoretical cross section strength subroutine was used to compute the P M ϕ relationships for a given cross section using force equilibrium and strain compatibility solution.
Equation (1) can be used to obtain the bending moment resistance of a column in a frame for a given level of axial load (P u ) directly from the cross section strength interaction diagram.
The cross section strength interaction diagram was defined by 102 points that were computed using the compatibility of strains and the equilibrium of forces acting on the cross section.
The first step in computing the ACI ultimate strength of a slender column that is part of a braced frame is to determine the cross section strength, which is represented by an axial load-bending moment (P M) strength interaction diagram, similar to the one shown in Fig. 7.
For nanowires with square cross-sections, strength increases as twin spacing decreases.
This analysis showed that for beams with high corrosion degrees, the decrease in capacity is mainly because of the decrease in both the steel reinforcement cross-section and strength due to corrosion, whereas the major cause of strength reduction for beams subjected to low corrosion degrees is the loss of bond between steel and surrounding concrete.
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