The Guinness Pro12, the only professional cross-border league in Europe, is considering expanding into North America as the organisers look at ways of closing the financial gap with the Premiership and Top 14.
Migration from and within the West African sub-region has included temporary cross-border workers, traders, farm laborers, professionals, clandestine workers and refugees.
The flow of health professionals and cross-border health services is seen as crucial to the success of AEC but needs to be evaluated (3).
This paper seeks to ascertain European health professionals' experience of integrated cross-border health care and their views on continuity of care mechanisms for patients returning to their country of residence, through the lens of three common conditions.
Cross-border teleradiology raises the question of the recognition of professionals between the Member States.
In our opinion, this medium is a good example of a professional social platform with the potential to increase cross-border medical collaboration and teaching.
For example in the EU, academic and professional medical degrees in recognised defined areas are fully cross-border transferable (Directive 2005/36/EC as of 20 October 2007).
While increasing the accessibility and quality of services, cross-border trade also imposes some threats on the practices of local health professionals.
Certification of medical professionals is another important issue that has a bearing on cross-border relations.
These cross-border movements represented 6%, 24 % and 22 of all movements to slaughter from small, non-assured and professionals producers, respectively.
