Sentence examples for cross-border fragmentation from inspiring English sources

Such multiple counting and cross-sector trade of intermediate goods and services rose exponentially with the increasing cross-border "fragmentation of production systems" and the rising emergence of global or regional value chains.

Together these developments led to two major changes in the structure of global trade: (a) the vertical and spatial cross-border fragmentation of manufacturing into highly integrated "global production networks" or "global value chains" (GVCs); and (b) (to a lesser extent) the rise of services trade (Canuto, Dutz & Reis, ch. 3 in Canuto & Giugale, 2010) (Canuto, 2012).

Brazil has remained outside the process of cross-border production fragmentation.

However, the wave of cross-border manufacturing fragmentation of mid-1980s theough mid-2000s000s was particularly intense and time-concentrated (Canuto, 2015a).

"I have long said that cross-border consolidation amongst telecom operators would help reduce fragmentation in Europe," she wrote in an e-mail message.

Given the then-prevailing technological state of arts in production processes, the policy and enabling-technology breakthroughs above mentioned sparked a powerful cycle of fragmentation, especially in manufacturing, with a corresponding cross-border spread of GVCs.

With the fragmentation of production systems and the back-and-forth cross-border movement of products at intermediate stages, one cannot ignore multiple accounting, either within a sector or in other branch in which they serve as inputs.

The EU funding of different forms of research networking has an objective of tackling fragmentation of the national research activities across the EU Member States through promotion of cross-border collaboration between individual scientists and research organizations.

Cross-border investment ballooned.

Cross-border institutions also reinforce binational ties.

Cross-border problems would go unsolved.