To test how much of a cross users were willing to bear, Gruenewald decided to run an experiment.
This paper shows the need for development of interventions at urban level crossings targeting violations for all types of level crossing users to ensure level crossings can respond to the rapid changes in the transport environment.
In this paper, the terms 'pedestrian,'non-motoriststs,' and 'non-motorized users' will be used interchangeably to indicate crossing users who utilize pedestrian approaches to rail grade crossings.
Network Rail is to start targeting groups such as cyclists and dog walkers in its rail crossing safety campaigns, switching the emphasis from blanket TV adverts to reaching those crossing users who are at higher risk.
Thus, it makes cross-user deduplication impossible.
Without loss of generality, we focus on client-side, cross-user deduplication.
Cross-user deduplication means that the deduplication operations are performed across all data uploaded by all users.
Recently, Liu et al. [33] proposed a secure single-server cross-user deduplication scheme that resists brute-force attacks.
Despite its benefits in reducing storage and communication costs, client-side cross-user deduplication suffers from several privacy threats [5, 24, 58].
However, by systematically probing the recommender system, a large amount of correlated recommendation results can be obtained and combined, and valuable aggregated knowledge, such as system-wide cross-user item popularity ranking and item clustering, can be accurately inferred.
This may increase the risk related to level-crossing users.
