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Patients with iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, bacteremia and gastrointestinal bleed diagnosed within 6 months of the cross-sectional time frame were excluded from the study.
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional time series analysis.
The point prevalence of hypercalcemia was defined as the prevalence of elevated serum calcium levels within our cross-sectional 1-year time frame.
Other studies that evaluated the predictive value of the GFI were cross-sectional, used a different time frame or other operationalization of the outcome measurement.
In line with the results of a previous study [ 17], expanding the time frame from cross-sectional analyses (point prevalence) to a total estimate across successive assessments ('any depression') revealed a higher prevalence rate in a 2.5 year period, suggesting that prevalence estimates taken at one point in time underestimate the true scope of the problem.
FC volume (Vol) of a lesion is calculated from cross sectional FC areas in individual frames using Simpson's rule.
We investigate the relationship of dN and dS from two different perspectives: a longitudinal approach following specific orthologous genes across a broad evolutionary time frame and a cross-sectional approach exploring the relationship of dN and dS for all genes in every pairwise alignment with the human sequence.
Most of these studies are retrospective, cross sectional descriptive analysis of cases presenting during a specified time frame.
In composite fibers and pure silk fibers, however, variations in fiber width, height, and cross-sectional area were less significant within the same time frame, and the fibers retained well-aligned and straight fiber morphology with only slight variations.
The uncertain nature of disease progression makes a longitudinal study difficult to achieve in a set time frame, and therefore a cross-sectional design with individuals at different stages of the IPF trajectory was chosen.
The limited time frame (1 month) of this cross-sectional study ensures clear boundaries between levels of experience into which participants were grouped.
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