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This study utilized a survey method using cross sectional research design.
The study adopted a cross sectional research design utilizing a customized version of the HSOPSC.
Therefore the primary study designs of relevance included: case control, cohort, case crossover, or cross sectional research methodologies.
Indeed, the present cross sectional research, but also other research involving follow-up [ 8] cannot disentangle this problem of causality.
Temporal mismatch was also inevitable, which arises when data sources from different time points are used in cross sectional research.
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Cross-sectional research design.
Cross-sectional research design was used.
All had cross-sectional research designs.
The study adopted a cross-sectional research design.
In particular, much of the existing literature involves cross-sectional research designs; longitudinal studies are needed.
Cross-sectional research has demonstrated associations between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and adolescents' initiation of heterosexual intercourse.
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