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2) Cross sectional properties of the debris flow gully, especially gully shape and changes in width, have important implications for debris flow damming, travel distance, and deposition.
In addition, the cross sectional properties of the columns are modeled by uniform distributions assigned to both the width and the height.
The components of the unit vector of the gradient α are shown in Fig. 10 (a), where the first component is the resistance, the components between 2-193 concern the cross sectional properties, the components 194-212 the Young's moduli, the components 213-231 the density and the remaining components 232-244 the Poisson ratios (see also Table 5).
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The proposed method includes the strain hardening benefits for stocky sections, and abolished the necessity of calculating effective cross-sectional properties for slender sections.
The novel feature of the procedure is the use of functions to describe the shape of the different elements in a cross-section; this permits determination of the cross-sectional properties through appropriate integrations.
Mohd Yassin and Nethercot (2007) proposed a procedure to determine the cross-sectional properties of composite beams having complex cross-sections.
A procedure is presented for the calculation of the key cross-sectional properties of steel concrete composite beams of complex cross-section.
Firstly, formulations of cross-sectional properties, including open, single-cell, double-cell, three-cell, four-cell section, are summarized.
The self-weight and cross-sectional properties of the composite slabs are given in Table 1.
The cross-sectional properties were assumed to be the same throughout the individual segments.
These two formulations are proved to be equal when the beam cross-sectional properties are uniform.
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