Several studies, mostly cross-sectional, found an association between increased lead exposure and decreased heart rate variability.
Two studies (one prospective cohort and one cross-sectional) found that PTSD was significantly associated with decreased cART adherence [ 33, 34].
The reduced hippocampal volumes, and the particular sites of injury may have contributed to the reduced mammillary body volumes and fornix cross sectional areas found in an overlapping patient group [7].
Of 22 publications, 14 cross sectional studies were found in children, and 18 publications/cross sectional studies were found in adults.
Second, 92% of cross-sectional studies found a significant relationship, yet 0% of prospective studies did.
A recent Danish cross-sectional study found an association between inactivity, daily smoking, obesity, and MOH [29].
Several cross-sectional studies found no association between alcohol consumption and headache prevalence [10, 13] as well as alcohol consumption and headache subtypes [17].
A recent study of repeated cross-sectional surveys found that the proportion of high-school seniors who reported having a driver's license declined from 85% in 1996 to 73% in Shults and Williams 1996 2010 (Shults and Williams 2013).
Notably, among them, a large cross-sectional study found a higher migraine frequency in underweight, pre-obese, and obese as compared with normal weight subjects; the association was more evident, according to the authors, for daily migraine [49].
The first cross-sectional stage, found that Sure Start was beginning to have positive effects on most of the children, particularly those whose mothers were beyond their teenage years (NESS Research Team 2004; Belsky et al. 2006).
A cross-sectional study found that attachment styles differed among mothers of obese and lean children [23].
