Research designs included 1 case series and 21 observational studies comprising 4 cross-sectional, 5 case-control, and 12 cohort studies (Table 1).
Research designs included 1 case series and 21 observational studies comprising 4 cross-sectional, 5 case-control, and 12 cohort studies.
Eighty-one out of 90 studies (90%) were cross-sectional, 5 (6%) were cohort studies, 2 (2%) were randomized controlled trials and 2 (2%) did not report the study design.
Three studies reporting data on early retirement were scored at low risk of bias (Table 3): two were cross-sectional (5, 7), and one was a cohort study (8).
Seventeen studies were cross-sectional (5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20– 28, 28– 34), 4 were cohort studies (8, 17, 19, 23), 1 was a case-control study (35), and 1 study included cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (6).
The most common study design was cross-sectional (7/15).
The prevalence of hyperglycemia or diabetes in hypertensive population is approximately 32% reported recently in a cross-sectional survey16.
A cross-sectional 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with 160 people living with HIV.
Cross-sectional T1weighted MR images were acquired from a series of intact potatoes.
Imaging data of gender- and age-matched HC were retrieved from a previously published cross-sectional study40 subserving as control group for untreated patients (d0).
Overall, in our setting, more patients developed albuminuria than reduced eGFR, a finding in line with previously published longitudinal13 and cross-sectional studies14.
