The following variables study were considered: compressive concrete strength, torsional reinforcement ratio and cross section type (plain or hollow).
The experimental elements differ by the arrangement of the steel shapes embedded in the cross section of the wall and by the cross section type of the steel encased profiles.
The selection of tube cross section type, structural analysis, design load, waterproofing and resistant corrosion, tube joint design and tunnel ventilation of submerged floating tunnel etc are described and explored by comprehensively considering the design load, buoyancy to weight ratio, flow resistance performance, durability and other factors of submerged floating tunnel.
This trend is observed across all the cross-section types and loading histories.
This has been made through FE comparisons with tested columns of different cross-section types existing in literature.
Open image in new window Fig. 11 Two cross-section types of box girders (see Zhang et al. [53]).
So designers maintain to design helical springs with limited options in making a change in both the helix pitch angles and cross-section types.
In discrete sizing optimization of truss and frame structures the design variables take values from databases, which are usually populated with a relatively small number of cross-section types and sizes.
Different cross-section types have been considered and the numerically obtained load deformation responses have been compared with selected experimental results; the findings form the basis for specific guidelines.
The objective of this paper consist of minimization of the warpage and sink index in terms of process parameters of the plastic parts have different rib cross-section types, and rib layout angle using Taguchi optimization method.
Considering the process parameters such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, in addition to rib cross-section types, and rib layout angle, a series of mold analyses are performed to exploite the warpage and sink index data.
