At a given twist ratio, higher values of the friction factor and the Nusselt number were observed for smaller annulus parameters (ratio of cross section area of square twisted duct to cross section area of circular pipe).
Furthermore, a spatial mesh iteration algorithm is designed to analyze the temperature dependence of absorption cross section, emission cross section and thermal conductivity.
The external aluminum enclosure froze the internal cell configuration at the onset of short and enabled us to cross-section the cells, and take the cross-section images.
Lower row: A mathematical idealization of a cross section: A cross section of a sharp and non-sharp connection approximating the spine morphology.
The results are also given as the ratio of the b-jet production cross section to the inclusive jet production cross section.
We used the DDA theory to investigate the dependence of the extinction spectrum of chiral nanostructure on chiral nanostructural period, diameter of chiral arm, change of circular cross section to oval cross section, incident light polar angle, tilt angle of chiral structure relative to z-axis, and azimuthal angle.
Scattering and absorption cross sections were calculated and normalized to the particle's geometric cross section to yield relative cross sections.
Since the scattering and absorption cross sections are proportional to |a 1|2 and Im(a 1) (imaginary part of a 1), respectively, the scattering and absorption efficiencies defined as the ratio of scattering and absorption cross sections to the physical cross section depend on x 4 and x, respectively, yielding the well-known Rayleigh scattering results.
We show for compact conformations that the growth of the chain in a piecewise way, cross-section by cross-section, is much more efficient than the traditional linear chain growth.
The locations of cross section BB′ in Fig. 5 and cross section AA′ in Fig. 6 are marked.
In both the inner and outer meniscal repair explants, TGF-β1 treatment did not appear to alter cellular proliferation at the meniscal tissue surface, surface interface, cross-section, or cross-section interface.
