When the casting speed and heat flux are constant, decrease of cross section size decreases the solidification length.
Selecting the jet diameter and average jet discharge velocity as characteristic scales, the swirl number, the duct cross section size, and the embedded shear layer circulation are all order one, whereas the flow Reynolds number is O(105).
The actuators of 5 × 5 mm2 in cross section size were formed in a way that 50 ∼ 200 μm thick ceramics were stacked 10 times alternately with 5 μm thick electrode.
In this paper, 4-story capacity designed CSPSWs are considered with different cross section size and lengths for coupling beams to capture shear, flexural and shear-flexural failure modes in these members.
Previous studies have concluded that a smaller cross section size was more critical for investigating the strength and flexural stiffness of slender reinforced concrete columns (Mirza and MacGregor 1989; Mirza 1990).
Indeed, in addition to the removal of some members and the increase/decrease of the cross section size of the remaining ones, the proposed approach accounts for the possibility to convert some of the elements composing the grid shell structure, generally trusses, into beam elements with the aim of having an optimized solution also with respect to the global buckling behavior.
In this study, morphology and flow characteristics of the free surface of the windowless target were analyzed through the volume of fluid model using computational fluid dynamics simulation, and the results show that the outlet cross section size of the target is the key to form a stable and controllable free surface, as well as the outlet with an arc transition.
We measured a 29% reduction in cross section size of AVL constructs containing EV EPC compared to GBP-1 EPC constructs.
These findings indicate that cross section size of the construct can be used as an indicator for shrinkage due to increased fibrovascular tissue inside formation.
If a cell was not completely located within a slice, it was counted only if the maximum soma diameter was contained in the slice (judged by either a successive increase and a decrease of the cross section size or by a constant cross section size for at least 3 successive optical sections).
Our group previously demonstrated reduction of cross section size of the AVL constructs when recombinant growth factors VEGF and bFGF were suspended within the fibrin matrix, leading to increased angiogenesis and fibrovascular tissue formation [ 23].
