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The normal of the cross section boundary is directed into the wheel.
It can be shown that, observed from OXYZ, the radial displacement vector of a cross section boundary of the wheel is given by (see Fig. 2.
The nodal normal vibration velocity of the cross section boundary of the wheel can be obtained by using the 2.5D FEM, as shown in Sect. 2.
Now by submitting the nodal normal vibration velocity vector, (overline{varvec{upsilon}}_{nm}) of the cross section boundary of the wheel into Eq. (24), the nodal sound pressure vector (overline{varvec{p}}_{m}) can be obtained.
Equation (9) shows that the radial vibration of the cross section boundary of the wheel is harmonic at the same frequency as the wheel rail force, and its vibration displacement amplitude is periodic function of (alpha).
It can also be shown that the axial and circumferential vibration of the cross section boundary is also harmonic at the same frequency as the wheel rail force and their vibration displacements are periodic function of (alpha).
Similar(52)
The outer edge loop, which represents the largest cross-section boundary along the given parting directions, is extracted and patched up.
The analysis is carried out in order to assess the boundary layer effect exhibited by the shear stress field, expressed in terms of the torsional warping function, near the cross-section boundary.
In our case, taking into account the nanowire's cross section, the boundary scattering (mostly temperature independent) becomes an important inelastic scattering mechanism at low temperatures leading to a finite size effect.
In the front face of Fig. 6 A, myocytes and capillaries are seen in cross section with their boundaries surrounded by fine endomysial collagen.
In this problem the random inputs arise due to uncertainties in cross section, initial data or boundary data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com