The fracture surface (or the mid/or center of samples or cross section) was analyzed by SEM throughout this study.
In this investigation, the influence of temperature, vehicle speed and aging on the dynamic modulus of the bituminous mixture was considered and an IRC pavement cross section was analyzed using AASHTOWARE pavement ME design software.
The influence of the warping effect especially in members of open form cross section is analyzed through examples demonstrating the importance of the inclusion of the warping degrees of freedom in the dynamic analysis of a space frame.
Surface morphology and microstrucure of deposited TiN in a cross section were analyzed in a field emission SEM (FE-SEM; Hitachi S-4300, Hitachi, Ltd, Chiyoda-ku, Japan) and TEM Philipss Tecnai 20, Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
For each muscle, the whole muscle cross section was analyzed to calculate the average fiber size (cross-section area) by using ImageJ 1.41 (freeware developed by Dr. W. Rasband at NIH, and available at http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij).
First, periodic track models with different cross sections are analyzed, revealing that a prediction of the rail receptance only requires an accurate representation of the soil layering directly underneath the ballast.
Cross sections were analyzed by Zeiss Axioplan 2 polarisation microscope.
Next, eight composite columns having different types of cross sections were analyzed.
Membrane cross sections were analyzed to elucidate the structure of the bulk ionic network of the Nafion® membrane, before and after operation.
The peak intensities and their relation with the bound-atom cross sections is analyzed, showing a good agreement with tabulated values which supports the use of this technique as non-destructive mass spectrometry.
