The image analysis software was calibrated using cross ruled gratings of known distance (0.463 μm).
In Pokora, Justice CARDOZO noted that the problems springing from the grade-crossing rule emphasized "the need for caution in framing standards of behavior that amount to rules of law" (id., at p 105).
We conceived of the task as a factorial design crossing rule type (rule-in, rule-out), decision (commit, defer) and the parametrically varying (signed) quantity DV cur − ave that indexes the estimated payoff of the available bandit under the current-minus-average policy implied by our behavioural modelling (hereafter, 'value'value
Cross-rule competition weights are optimized using Hebbian reinforcement learning.
However, pedestrians do not always comply with the crossing rules, whether it is timing (signalization) and/or location (crossing facility).
Participants were more likely to report intentionally violating level crossing rules (24.52%, n = 156) compared to making crossing errors (3.46%, n = 22).
The threat of being injured and feeling shame when breaching crossing rules were the highest reported perceptual deterrent factors, higher even than the certainty and severity of sanctions.
Regression analysis revealed that males who had lower perceptions of certainty of apprehension and displayed a tendency to repeat the behaviour were most likely to deliberately break crossing rules.
In 2016, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ordered the continuation of rigid media cross-ownership rules, rules that, in part, go back to the 1940s.
(The New York Times Company, which owns 19 newspapers, eight television stations and two radio stations, has supported repeal of the newspaper-broadcast cross ownership rule).
The cross ownership rule forbids the ownership by one company of a TV station and a cable operator in the same market.
