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The tunnel is 9,117 ft. and is really two separate tubes, connected at intervals by cross passages.
Each of these four tunnels is divided into four sections by cross passages in which are the medical aid posts, lavatories, machinery control rooms, and so forth.
Click HERE or on the image above to view the picture gallery Tunneling is also well underway beneath central London station sites using mining techniques involving sprayed concrete to create a further 7.5 miles (12km) of platform tunnels and cross passages.
Therefore it is of key importance to reserve escape routes, in upstream of the fire source and cross passages, clear of the poisonous substances by supplying fresh air to the cross passages and the tunnel in which the train on fire draws up simultaneously.
Further, pressurized air supply in the cross passages proves beneficial to the reduction in the air temperature and in the dimensions of certain regions, whereas it exerts an insignificant effect on the thermal radiation of the fire source.
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The findings published in literature are reviewed step by step starting from a single tunnel, twin tunnels to complex cross passage structures.
The best area to layout the jet fan is under the direction of airflow, which is close to the cross passage.
Numerical simulation and field measurement being taken into consideration, Shaft effect has been profoundly analyzed on this study based on construction ventilation of Guantian tunnel, the optimization of fan arrangement near cross passage and the bottom of shaft.
And it is necessary that it should not be too far away from the cross passage and better to be installed in high places as possible is more reasonable.
In order to meet the construction schedule, operation ventilation, escape and rescue requirements, a large number of auxiliary need to be set up in the construction of extra-long highway tunnels, the design parameters of vertical shaft, inclined shaft and parallel heading, cross passage are analyzed by investigation of the design on extra-long highway tunnels.
The biggest and easiest is a wide staircase from the Tube station above, which leads down to the central cross-passage of the shelter and so gives access to all parts.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com