Clinical cross-over comparison of mid-dilution hemodiafiltration using a novel dialyzer concept and post-dilution hemodiafiltration.
In order to enable the comprehensive application into drug development processes, the approaches have to be synchronized to allow a cross-over comparison.
The studies compared eating rate and ad-libitum food intake for whole and pureed versions of three realistic lunchtime meals using (i) a between groups comparison (N = 160), (ii) a cross-over comparison (N = 23) and (iii) cross-over comparison with a measure of compensatory eating (N = 50).
Thirteen men and two women completed a cross-over comparison of two SIT interventions—Tabata (TAB), 10 × 20-s sprints/10-s rest, and Wingate (WIN), 5 × 30-s sprints with 270-s rest.
This prospectively designed cross-over comparison of three commercially available LDL-apheresis systems (immunoadsorption, IMAL; dextran sulphate adsorption, DSA; direct adsorption of lipoproteins, DALI) was performed in eight patients with homozygous (n=3) and heterozygous (n=5) familial hypercholesterolaemia.
The example of malaria-infected pregnant patients highlights this; there is a continually changing physiological state when malaria is treated which confounds a cross-over comparison.
At present, a multicenter cross-over comparison study of SDD and SOD in ICU settings using either SDD or SOD for standard care is running in The Netherlands.
The post-course measurement of the first course took place at about the same time (+/- two weeks) as the pre-course measurement of the second course, allowing for an internal cross-over comparison.
The trial was designed as a cross over study, however, as many dogs dropped out of the study the authors could not perform a cross-over comparison and only compared the initial placebo to the LEV group.
In a head-to-head cross-over comparison study of tricyclic antidepressants and strong opioids for the treatment of PHN, 71 evaluable patients (mean age (SD) 71 (12) y) were allowed to self-titrate to maximum tolerated dose of 160mg nortriptyline per day.
The gastric pH and translocation sub-studies were carried out at different times for logistic reasons (i.e. workload), the pH study after the cross-over and the translocation study before the cross-over, so although permeability, LPS and TNF were assayed in the same individuals on the same day, no before/after cross-over comparisons within the same individual are available.
