Thus, although not directly measured, we believe that the male mice in the cross fostering studies sang during the cross-fostering period.
On its own, however, cross fostering won't solve the wolves' genetic woes, researchers say.
Maternal experimental variables include animals used, mating procedures and drug treatment and offspring experimental variables include litter standardisation, cross fostering, weaning and behaviours and parameters assessed.
Over the long term, the effects of the cross fostering were far less evident.
As shown in Figure 11, cross fostering significantly affected the structure of the estrous cycle.
At adulthood, cross fostered males of both strains and LETO females were affected in regard of their adiposity levels in the direction of the foster dam.
In contrast to the males, any short term effects of cross fostering on adiposity essentially disappeared by 90 days of age in female LdOp rats.
Cross fostering did not change the frequency of 4-day cycles in LdOp compared to OdOp females, but significantly increased their frequency of 5-day double estrous while reducing the occurrence of 5-day double estrous cycles.
Having spent the first postnatal day (PND0) with the biological mother, on PND1 litters were culled to eight pups (4 males and 4 females) and assigned to experimental Repeated Cross Fostering (RCF), or control (CT) treatment.
The Repeated Cross Fostering procedure (RCF) is a new experimental rearing protocol devised to interfere with infant-mother interaction in the first days of life, thus predisposing offspring to separation anxiety without inducing neglect from caregivers.
