The protocol is tested on CAFO monitoring wells and considers three cross-contamination sources: equipment, wellbore, and ambient air.
As the programme was not in place from the start and for other reasons, we cannot definitively exclude cross contamination as a source of some positive culture results.
These risk factors include improper personal hygiene practices, improper hand washing, improper cooking and holding temperatures, cross contamination, and food from unapproved sources.
Further, the farms did not raise animals such as cows, pigs and hens, ultimate sources of cross contamination of the fields, remarkably, as a consequence of rain falls.
Recent studies have shown computer keyboards to be a major source of cross contamination infections.
The stills were also successful in removing bacteria if care was taken to avoid cross contamination from the raw water source.
This is an important advantage over other visualization methods because the LAMP products are an important source of cross contamination [ 24].
Using this system, the unpurified PCR products used for nested PCR and for enzymatic primer extension/termination reactions can be transferred by a small glass rod to avoid post-amplification micropipetting, which is the major source of cross contamination in routine diagnostic operations when a nested PCR is used.
Persistent contamination of L. monocytogenes was found in the markets especially in meat mincers, which were found to be one likely source of continuous cross contamination.
Along with the efficiencies of intensified production come increased opportunities for cross contamination – and significant challenges in tracing the original source of infections.
This higher prevalence is a concern to the dairy farms that provide milk and milk products to the community since cross contamination from infected individuals could be a potential source of food borne infections.
