The health of a culture's flesh depends on the membrane-crossing circulation of feedback loops, thoughtful requests, introductions, and new ideas.
Cross-circulation and cell distribution kinetics in parabiotic mice.
The technology for this "cross-circulation" consisted of a dairy pump and beer hose.
Lillehei's critics already considered his methods dangerous and unethical; fearful they would shut him down, Lillehei immediately scheduled two more cross-circulation operations.
It replaced an earlier and less efficient method at Mayo called cross-circulation, which required a healthy donor, usually a relative, to be connected to a heart patient during surgery.
Cross-circulation saved Pamela Schmidt's life, but it too was risky.
In the autumn of 1954, not long after Pamela Schmidt's surgery, he lost six out of seven cross-circulation patients, including a 7-month-old baby.
Lillehei solved that problem with cross-circulation, in which a donor, linked to the patient by plastic hose and a simple pump, acted as a living heart-lung machine.
However, the dramatic success of C. Walton Lillehei's cross-circulation technique and Denton Cooley's bubble oxygenator [ 5] led to the rapid expansion of this technology.
