Premium and second best varieties were determined by each national rice institute using data on crop growth, persistence of premium varieties, adoption rates of second best varieties, and market prices of each of the premium and second best varieties.
In an evolutionary context, reproductive fitness is commonly used to estimate selection, as in studies investigating crop allele persistence in wild populations [ 1- 3].
They use a series of selection criteria to narrow the number to roughly a dozen nontoxic strains, each screened for genetic stability, the ability to colonize target crops, and persistence in the field.
Cassava is a vegetatively propagated perennial crop, and virus persistence occurs throughout the life-cycle of the plant until it is harvested, therefore in cassava one anticipates a continuous fluctuation in host responsive genes as the virus spreads systemically to new apical leaves, where geminiviruses prefer to replicate [ 39, 40].
Whether in literature or life, a melancholy technologics runs through the whole period, and these couplings – pylon-tombs, dead voices crackling in the ether or scored into the grooves of records – crop up with a persistence verging on the obsessive.
Between-season herbage standing crop and long-term persistence were simulated adequately for individual soils but not for areas containing more than one soil series.
The use of experimental hybridization and artificial selection to speed up natural processes allows us to explore ecological scenarios under which the fitness of hybrids lineages may equal or exceed the fitness of their wild parent, favoring the long-term persistence of crop alleles.
The center(s) of origin and diversity are listed, followed by information on flowering, pollen biology, reproduction, seed dispersal and dormancy, persistence, weediness/invasiveness, crop wild relatives (also listed in a Table) and hybridization.
(3) Crop rotations can modify the persistence time of hybrid populations in agricultural systems.
This is similar to the apparent persistence of the crop version of the reciprocal translocation in California wild radish described in Panetsos and Baker (1967) and could be due to selection for large size and late flowering in wild populations.
