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Authors found a significant 'tillage × crop' interaction on cumulative N2O emissions with vetch releasing higher N2O amount than barley only in CT and MT, whereas similar fluxes were observed under NT.
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Mechanistic modeling of crop interactions with the atmosphere requires knowledge of the canopy architecture.
Because of the complex soil crop interactions, a clear relation between erosion-induced soil profile modification and the water balance and DOC and DIC leaching could not be identified.
As a second example, consider crop interactions with other species, such as pollinators or pests.
The negative effect of pathogens and other natural enemies can be ameliorated through crop interactions with other symbionts, including endophytic fungi, though these fungi can themselves carry a yield penalty. Alternative frameworks for understanding conditions in which endophytic fungi improve yield are developed by Saunders et al. (2010) and Gundel et al. (2010).
The objective of this study was to develop a modelling approach to compare the performance of the agroforestry and farm mosaic diversification strategies, accounting for tree-crop interaction effects and economic and climate uncertainty.
This requires improving our knowledge of the effect of different management practices such as N fertilization on weed-crop interactions.
Soil-crop interactions depending on properties of differently-truncated soil profiles caused varying amounts of precipitation and evapotranspiration for the 3-years.
The objectives were to identify and quantify effects of erosion-induced soil modifications on the water balance and the leaching of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC), considering complex soil-crop interactions.
We carried out a study to: 1) explore the rationale of farmers to maintain on-farm trees beyond crop yield; 2) quantify the impact of agronomic practices on the outcome of tree-crop interactions; and 3) analyse partial economic trade-offs for selected on-farm tree species at farm scale.
However, the occurrence of larval density by crop phenology interaction indicated that variation in the levels of fruit damage and yield loss were a function of the date of infestation relative to plant phenology.
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