Removal of virus or vector sources in the crop environment can significantly delay the onset of viral epidemics.
Rice (aman, boro, and aus seasons) and wheat production are simulated in each sub-region using the biophysical Crop Environment REsource Synthesis (CERES) models.
Conservation biological control (CBC) combines a diverse set of actions aiming to enhance pest regulation by the provision of pest natural enemies' preservation in the crop environment.
The crop model is a set of modules simulating plant development, crop environment and yield accumulation implied by these operations in this context through the generation of loss functions or risk estimates.
Aiming to promote their functioning in CBC, efforts targeted to modify the crop environment are focusing on the determination of their non-crop host plants that can support the predators' persistence as well as the emigration of these predators to the nearby crops.
Four main changes — higher plant density, slower rate of leaf appearance, lower nitrogen content, and reduced size of all organs — induced by the aerobic crop environment were responsible for three chains of modifications that resulted in lower biomass accumulation and finally lower grain yield.
Within the crop environment, both rhizospheric (underground) and phyllospheric (aboveground) bacteria greatly influence plant growth [ 1– 3].
We suggested that inherited crop plant traits would lead to a growth rate for hybrids below that of B. rapa in semi-natural habitats, but higher than B. rapa in agricultural conditions because of pre-adaptation of crop genes to the crop environment.
The yield gaps between the hybrid rice and the inbred cultivars were larger in high-yield cropping environments.
