Three field trials with maize and one with wheat were performed in the 2012/2013 (maize, summer crop) and 2013 (wheat, winter crop) cropping seasons.
Many billions of those dollars represent losses in crops, crop insurance payments and related agricultural costs.
These results indicate a need for adaptation strategies in Indonesian rice agriculture, including increased investments in water storage, drought-tolerant crops, crop diversification, and early warning systems.
Planting/sowing of crops, crop geometry, fertilizer application, harvesting, etc., are given in Table 1.
Goats were herded to graze crops, crop residues and native vegetation in communal land and roadsides.
In many developing and developed countries, livestock feed is a mixture of crops, crop residues, and industrial products (Chapagain and Hoekstra 2003).
These practices include Dib/Weber, traditional ditches (Boyi), Traditional waterways (Gorf Mekided), Mixed Cropping, crop rotation, manure, chemical fertilizer, tree planting, check dam, and stone bund.
Table 1 summarises potential impacts associated with sourcing and processing/conversion of the three most-discussed feedstocks: perennial crops, crop residues and forestry (woody, fibrous) residues.
