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We halved the overall survivorship relative to field conditions to account for the death of later instars, pupae and adults so that survival = 0.01 x-1.274 where x is the total density of adults per plant in the whole crop, calculated after the imposition of carrying capacity.
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In which, i indicates month, ETFPM indicates reference crop evapotranspiration calculated for FAO Penman Monteith (FPM) model, ETm indicates reference crop evapotranspiration calculated for mass transfer-based models, and MBE is mean bias error (MBE).
We determined the proximity of residences to specific crop species and calculated crop-specific probabilities of pesticide use based on available data.
Then, reference crop evapotranspiration calculated using new formulas was compared with FPM, and variations of the errors were investigated.
The potential evapotranspiration (PET) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) data for a reference crop is calculated according to the Penman-Monteith equation (Shuttleworth 1992).
Table 3 and Eq. (2) indicate that in all models (in the most cases), the estimations are more than reference crop evapotranspiration calculated using the FPM, except the Penman.
Oviposition in the Bt crop was calculated as 1 - (b X p).
Shoot cash and cover crop biomass and biomass N concentration were measured and the N acquisition of the different crops was calculated.
Carbon inputs from crops were calculated from grain yields using linear allometric functions.
Heavy metal concentrations of soils and crops were calculated on the basis of dry weight.
The transfer factors (TF) of heavy metals from soils to crops were calculated as follows (Cui et al. 2005): {text{TF}} = frac{metal concentration;in crop extract}{metal concentration;in;soil;on;dry;weight;basis}.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com