A number of studies reported generic competencies such as critical reflection and critical thinking, which this study did not explore [ 21, 47- 53].
Development of critical reflection and critical thinking as professional skills during CBE requires adoption of PBL as the ideal model of instruction [ 22- 24].
Synthesizing perspectives from politics and economics with insights from psychology and linguistics, it argues that market-driven public institutions promote antisocial thinking, discourage critical reflection, and inure individuals to inequity and cruelty.
These skills include "reflective thinking – purposeful reflection, higher-order reasoning, critical reflection, critical thinking and reflective judgments" (Tarricone 2011, p. 199).
Figure 4 highlights how metacognition and self-regulation underpins self-knowledge, critical reflection, critical thinking and transitional learning.
PBL as a teaching and learning method can successfully facilitate participative learning, critical reflection, systemic thinking, creativity, and cultural awareness, which are the core values of sustainability.
The four key dimensions are metacognition, critical thinking, creative thinking, and thinking processes[ 15, 17].
I leave it to the reader to evaluate whether mere critical reflection on our concepts of thought and thinking (along with certain mundane empirical observations about them) can be sufficient to establish LOTH.[23] There have been numerous arguments against LOTH.
Comparing MDT meetings in different specialties allowed alternative 'patterns of thinking' to be revealed and scrutinised, prompting critical reflection on established and taken-for-granted beliefs and practices.
