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Thus, education must be concerned with the development of critical rationality.
This would reduce the grandeur of the hourlong exercises in critical rationality to a handful of misleading soundbites, turning oral arguments into grist for BuzzFeed posts.
Fourth, one must also consider the quality of informational exchanges on SNS and the extent to which they promote a genuinely dialogical public sphere marked by the exercise of critical rationality.
Many scholars worry that in SNS environments, substantive contributions to civic discourse increasingly function as flotsam on a virtual sea of trivially amusing or shallow content, weakening the civic habits and practices of critical rationality that we need in order to function as well-informed and responsible democratic citizens (Carr 2010; Ess 2010).
Can such selves retain the capacities of critical rationality required for the exercise of liberal democracy, or will our networked selves increasingly be characterized by political and intellectual passivity, hampered in self-governance by "shorter attention spans and less capacity to engage with critical argument" (2010, 114)?
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Yet whereas Vico had been interested in culture and history at large, the task is now more specific: How to justify the humanities within a university system that is based upon the Enlightenment ideals of critical reason and rationality, and no longer on authority, tradition, and theological canon?
Kahan and his fellow researchers suggest that many of our most strongly held positions, while dressed in the garb of independent critical thinking, rationality and science, are actually rooted, irrationally, in the tribal-like beliefs of our fellow ideological travelers, our extended families who give form to our cultural identities.
It is, rather, an attempt, from within the realm of critical reason, to explore a reality whose complex nature cannot be captured by the work of a narrowly oriented rationality (Verstandesdenken, in the eighteenth-century glossary).
There is, first, a lively debate concerning putative epistemic aims, whether truth (or knowledge understood in the "weak" sense of true belief) (Goldman 1999), critical thinking or rationality and rational belief (or knowledge in the "strong" sense that includes justification) (Scheffler 1973/1989, Siegel 1988 , 1997 2005), or understanding (Elgin 1999, 1999a).
Atheists believe that rationality and critical thinking serve humanity better than blind faith and religious dogma.
Popular failure criteria for fibre reinforced composites are subjected to critical scrutiny on their rationality.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com