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A certain significance is attributed to the cusp, characterized by a critical composition of the system.
The critical composition of carbohydrate segment in copolymers for enhanced gene delivery and low toxicity was determined and an increase in carbohydrate residues in copolymers resulted in a decrease in transfection efficiencies of these polymers.
By means of the measured critical composition of the ternary system and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameters published for two of the binary subsystems (χCA/THF=0.442 and χPS/THF=0.475) the polymer/polymer interaction parameter was adjusted (directly minimizing the Gibbs energy) to χCA/PS=0.057.
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The difference between the composition at elution and the true critical composition for a variety of polymethacrylates and for polyethyleneglycol was found to be only between 0.2 and 5%.
The interfacial tension γ was determined at the critical composition for three temperatures by means of a spinning drop tensiometer.
Below 116 °C, G decreases with increasing PEB content in the blend, implying primarily the composition effect on materials transport; whereas at above 116 °C, G shows a minimum at about the critical composition for LLPS, implying the influence of the LLPS.
Critical compositions for the appearance of these thermal transitions were determined for each series of the diblock copolymers.
The effect of the interfacial tension on the critical composition is composed of two counteracting effects, i.e. the stability of the co-continuous morphology and the phase dimensions.
For the critical composition, logarithmic plots of shear modulus (G′) versus loss modulus (G″) showed temperature dependence even in the homogenous region determined by LS, while those plots become temperature independent in the homogeneous region for off-critical compositions.
The critical composition difference for blends of amorphous copolymers of about 9 wt% also applied to blends of semicrystalline copolymers.
The positive strain Spos and dynamic piezoelectric constant d33* of Bi52.5 critical composition reach 0.33% and 440 pm/V, respectively at 6 kV/mm.
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