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In the first criterion, voltage unbalance (V U ) is calculated in (1) to implement the characteristic of negative sequence voltage: V_{U} = frac{{V_{ 2} }}{{V_{ 1} }} (1 where V 2 and V 1 are root mean square (RMS) values of negative and positive sequence voltage at DG side, respectively.
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Epochs were excluded from analysis if they met any of the following artifact rejection criteria: voltage deviations exceeded ±100 μV relative to baseline, the maximum gradient exceeded 50 μV, or activity was lower than 0.5 μV.
Measure Voltage.
Measure voltage in parallel.
The LIFE study (Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension) showed that ECG LVH defined by Cornell product criteria, Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria, or ECG strain improved prediction of cardiovascular events and that regression of ECG LVH during antihypertensive treatment was associated with better outcome, independent of blood pressure reduction [ 83].
Classification of ion channels is a less simple task since some of them can be classified according to different criteria like voltage dependence or ligand gating.
The most widely used ECG criteria are the Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria.
In conclusion, Cornell VDP showed a higher validity than either the Cornell voltage criteria, Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria or R6/R5 criteria in LVH detection.
Presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was diagnosed on the basis of a standard 12-lead ECG according to Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria and/or Cornell voltage criteria (5).
Several ECG criteria were described for left ventricular hypertrophy, such as the classical voltage criteria, including the Sokolow-Lyon criteria: sum of the S wave in V1 and of the R wave in V5 or V6 ≥ 35 mm [ 74], and combined criteria, including the Cornell product [ 75], the Romhilt-Estes scoring system [ 76], and the Mazzaro score [ 77].
The sum of S wave depth in lead V1 and R wave height in lead V5 (V1S + V5R, an index for left ventricular mass, with ≥3.5 mV being defined as left ventricular hypertrophy by the Sokolow-Lyon voltage criterion) tended to be larger in diabetic patients, although only two subjects in each group met the ECG criterion for left ventricular hypertrophy.
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