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Fig. 6 Criterion shift: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves comparing showups and 6-person lineups, with decision criterion fixed or allowed to shift + .01, + .025, and + .05, if two or more lineup members' match values fell above csim.
As such, shifts in dc or z map to the memory-level versus response-level accounts of criterion shift, respectively.
The lack of a decision criterion shift was associated with positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior.
A criterion shift due to either memory-level or response-level learning will have the same result on response proportions (increased proportion of old or new responses) and thus standard signal-detection theory analyses cannot distinguish between these two alternatives.
The second group, termed the Biased Feedback Conservative group, received false feedback corresponding to the New High Confidence condition of Experiment 2, chosen to maximize the effectiveness of the conservative criterion shift.
Participants first completed a false-feedback recognition paradigm identical to the one used for Experiment 2. One group, termed the Biased Feedback Liberal group, received false feedback corresponding to the Old Low Confidence condition of Experiment 2, chosen to maximize the effectiveness of the liberal criterion shift.
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Thus, the two alternatives make distinct predictions about the relative magnitude of criterion shifts for the four groups, shown in a and b.
This allows us to experimentally manipulate the magnitude of PEs elicited by false feedback and demonstrate that this manipulation influences the magnitude of criterion shifts across groups.
Thus, although criterion shifts likely influence the evaluation of true memories, it is likely that shifts in criterion simply have a larger and more detectable impact on more ambiguous memories like false alarms induced by the DRM procedure.
Shifts in drift criterion result in equal but opposite changes in the drift rate for each choice (that is, a higher drift rate for old or new and a slower drift rate for the other) and thus drift criterion shifts have the same impact on distributions as a symmetrical change in drift rate itself.
In subsequent work, we argued that criterion shifts were an important piece of our prevalence effects, though not the whole story (Wolfe & VanWert, 2010).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com