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The pattern of differential effects of the same gap on the 3 criterion durations suggests that the clocks associated with these durations can be manipulated independently.
A switch model, assuming that during the gap time fails to accumulate due to the opening of a stimulus-controlled switch, predicts that, irrespective of gap and criterion durations, subjects should use a stop rule [14], [15], [30], [31].
Quantitative modeling suggests that the multiple clocks have separate attentional or working memory resources, which are re-allocated independently during a gap at a rate proportional to the relative duration of the gap to the multiple criterion durations.
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In contrast, the present data indicate that rats flexibly change their behavior with both gap and criterion duration.
Here we extended this model by assuming that the decay rate is proportional to the relative duration of the gap to each criterion duration, -salience * g/Tk.
This model predicts that the effect of a gap should depend solely on absolute gap duration, but not on criterion duration, as found here (Fig. 1B-D).
A reward was delivered when the cumulative time that the rat depressed a retractable lever reached a criterion duration (the opportunity cost or "price" of the stimulation).
If the criterion duration is short, the g/Tk ratio is large, and working memory (WM) decays fast during the gap (reset rule); if the criterion duration is long, the g/Tk ratio is small, and WM decays slowly (run or stop rule).
Plotting the obtained peak times for each criterion as a function of the gap duration revealed a pattern of hierarchical interaction between gap duration and criterion duration, F 8,72) = 3.16, p<0.01 (Fig. 2A-Data).
Strong positive correlations were found for the s1∶s2 comparison within each criterion (0.56 to 0.69), as well as for the s1∶m and the s2∶m comparisons within each criterion duration (0.83 to 0.95).
Matell, Meck and Nicolelis [2] demonstrated that neurons in the dorsal-anterior striatum of rats 'peak' in their firing rates at the same time as maximal lever pressing during a timing task; both patterns coincide with the criterion duration.
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