criminalized by

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "criminalized by" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing actions or behaviors that have been made illegal by a specific law or authority. Example: "The act of selling certain substances has been criminalized by recent legislation."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

24 human-written examples

Mr. Flanagan's lawyer, Bruce Barket, said, "We're stunned that essentially what has occurred here is the exercise of police discretion has been criminalized by an indictment".

The New York Times

These "enhanced" techniques inflicted severe and lasting harm on detainees — the kind of harm explicitly criminalized by the United States War Crimes Act.

The New York Times

He said that Mr. Powell's comments "told all oppressed people of the African continent that whatever their aspirations they will be criminalized by the American administration".

The New York Times

On Monday evening, Rosarno residents held a peaceful protest, marching through the city's flat concrete grid with a sign that read: "Abandoned by the state, criminalized by the media.

The New York Times

The traditional fire use as a tool for land management has been handled and almost criminalized by an urban-centric perspective and anti-fire bias.

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

So we can explain why some kinds of conduct are properly criminalized by showing how they wrong or harm 'the public', or 'the public interest': but can we explain all crimes in this way?

SEP

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

33 human-written examples

This is particularly true for LGBT people internationally, with persecution receiving official encouragement in Russia, mob violence escalating in Jamaica, and homosexuality re-criminalized by a court ruling in India.

Huffington Post

It wasn't poor whites who criminalized blackness by way of marijuana laws and the "war on drugs".

The Guardian

Men who have sex with men in Nepal reported several violations occurring at the household level but, unlike among men who have sex with men in much of sub-Saharan Africa, where men who have sex with men behavior is criminalized, blackmail by families did not appear to be a major issue in our small sample [ 12].

BMC International Health and Human Rights

Two states (MD and NV) included no language about transmission behaviors We categorized criminalized behaviors by the level of HIV transmission risk [ 24], without accounting for prevention measures, such as condom use, ART, or PrEP, that reduce the likelihood of transmission.

AIDS and Behavior

Congress could enact a law that criminalized false claims by political candidates about their qualifications for office, or false claims about their opponents.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "criminalized by", ensure you clearly identify the specific law, authority, or entity responsible for making the action illegal. This adds clarity and precision to your writing.

Common error

Avoid using "criminalized by" without specifying who or what is doing the criminalizing. For instance, instead of saying "The behavior was criminalized", specify "The behavior was criminalized by the new legislation."

Linguistic Context

The phrase "criminalized by" functions as a passive voice construction, indicating that a subject (action, behavior, etc.) has been made illegal through the actions of an external agent (law, authority, etc.). As Ludwig AI explains, this construction is grammatically correct and widely used.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

News & Media

50%

Science

30%

Formal & Business

10%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

3%

Wiki

3%

Social Media

2%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "criminalized by" is a grammatically sound and relatively common construction used to describe actions or behaviors that have been made illegal by a specific entity, like a law or governing body. As Ludwig AI confirms, the phrase is appropriate for use in various contexts, particularly in news and media, and scientific writing. When using this phrase, it is best practice to clearly identify who or what is doing the criminalizing to avoid vagueness. While alternatives like "outlawed by" and "prohibited by" exist, "criminalized by" specifically implies a connection to the criminal justice system. Remember to carefully consider the specific nuances and legal implications when using this phrase.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

illegalized by

This alternative uses "illegalized" as a direct synonym for "criminalized", maintaining a similar level of formality.

outlawed by

This alternative directly replaces "criminalized" with "outlawed", emphasizing the legal prohibition.

made illegal by

This alternative rephrases the sentence structure to emphasize the action of making something illegal.

prohibited by

This alternative replaces "criminalized" with a more general term, "prohibited", indicating something is forbidden.

declared unlawful by

This alternative emphasizes the act of declaring something unlawful.

banned by

This alternative uses the word "banned", which implies a formal prohibition, though sometimes less official than criminalization.

punishable by law

This alternative focuses on the consequence of the action, highlighting that it leads to legal punishment.

against the law due to

This alternative uses a different structure to express the same meaning, focusing on the illegality and its cause.

sanctioned by law

This alternative shifts the focus to the imposition of sanctions or penalties by legal authority.

subject to criminal penalties under

This alternative is more formal and explicitly mentions criminal penalties.

FAQs

How is "criminalized by" typically used in a sentence?

The phrase "criminalized by" is used to describe actions or behaviors that have been made illegal by a specific law, regulation, or authority. For example, "The possession of this substance is criminalized by federal law."

What are some alternatives to "criminalized by"?

You can use alternatives like "outlawed by", "prohibited by", or "made illegal by" depending on the context.

Is there a difference between "criminalized by" and "illegalized by"?

While "criminalized by" and "illegalized by" are similar, "criminalized" often implies a formal legal process and association with the criminal justice system, whereas "illegalized" can be a broader term referring to something simply being made against the law.

Can you provide an example of a sentence using "criminalized by"?

Certainly. "In several countries, certain forms of speech are criminalized by hate speech laws."