When we only use data of this sort, we call this an analysis of crime "frequency".
And concentration varies depending on whether one is examining all places, regardless of crime experience (prevalence), or only those places with one or more crimes (frequency).
Males are more likely to offend, and those who do offend tend to commit crime with greater frequency than female offenders (D'Unger et al. 2002).
We examine concentration in two conditions: when all places are studied (prevalence), and when only places with at least one crime are studied (frequency).
Rather single topics are spread across crime types at different frequencies.
The prevalence distribution shows more crime concentration than the frequency distribution.
A test was required to determine whether the frequency of crime varied non-randomly over time.
Figure 4 Standardised residual values for estimation methods showing that the start, mid-point and end methods significantly overestimate the frequency of crime at certain times of day.
For youths and adults, our findings question Hirschi and Gottfredson's (1983) assumption that the prevalence and frequency of crime invariantly declines in early adulthood.
If offending is less common in adulthood than in adolescence, then we would expect the prevalence and frequency of crime among adults to be more concentrated.
